Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Disease: Revisited: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Genentech To Present Blood Disorders Data At ASH

Genentech, a member of the Roche (RHHBY), announced that it will present more than 40 abstracts across nine blood disorders at the 66th American Society of Hematology, or ASH, annual meeting and exposition, held December 7-10 in San Diego, California. The data underscore Genentech's commitment to advance patient outcomes in lymphoma with long-term follow-up of its approved medicines Polivy, Lunsumio and Columvi as well as new investigational combination data. Five-year data from the Phase III POLARIX study reinforce the potential of Polivy in combination with Rituxan, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone to provide durable and lasting remissions and for the first time show a positive trend in overall survival, or OS, for people with first-line diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, or DLBCL, an area that previously had little advancement in nearly two decades. Extended follow-up data of up to four years from the pivotal GO29781 study of Lunsumio and NP30179 study of Columvi show long-lasting remissions and immune system recovery after the end of treatment, supporting the use of fixed-duration bispecific antibodies for third-line or later follicular lymphoma and DLBCL, respectively. First presentation of data for a subcutaneous formulation of Lunsumio monotherapy from the pivotal Phase II GO29781 study show high rates of deep and durable responses and low rates and severity of cytokine release syndrome in people with 3L+ FL. Subcutaneously administered Lunsumio could further improve the patient experience by combining shorter administration time with the existing benefits of a fixed-duration and outpatient therapy. New patient-reported outcomes data from the Phase III STARGLO study indicate comparable health-related quality of life between treatment arms, despite higher median number of cycles received with the Columvi combination. Together with the significant improvement in OS observed in the study, these data support the potential benefit for patients with second-line or later DLBCL. New and updated data from investigational study combinations of Polivy with bispecific antibodies Lunsumio and Columvi in relapsed or refractory DLBCL, including the Phase Ib/II NP39488 and Phase II GO40516 studies, add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the potential of novel bispecific antibody/Polivy combinations in earlier treatment lines, and support their ongoing Phase III development.

5 Crucial Facts About Ferritin And Its Powerful Impact On Iron Levels

The role of ferritin in iron metabolism

Ferritin is a critical protein that serves as the primary storage form of iron in the body. This protein is fundamental for managing iron levels, which are essential for numerous physiological processes, including the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells, responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to various tissues and organs. Understanding levels can provide valuable insights into your overall health and well-being, particularly concerning iron metabolism.

What is ferritin?

It is predominantly found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, where it acts as a reservoir for iron. This protein ensures a steady supply of iron to cells, which is vital for energy production and the transport of oxygen. However, fluctuations in levels can indicate underlying health issues, making it essential to monitor these levels regularly. Abnormal concentrations can be a sign of conditions ranging from iron deficiency anemia to iron overload disorders.

The ferritin test: an overview

The test is a straightforward blood test designed to measure the concentration of ferritin in the bloodstream. This test is crucial for assessing the body's iron levels and diagnosing conditions related to both iron deficiency and excess. For example, low levels may signal iron deficiency anemia, while elevated levels could indicate disorders such as hemochromatosis or chronic inflammation.

Purpose of the test

The primary aim of the test is to evaluate the body's iron levels and identify potential health issues. Low levels are frequently associated with iron deficiency anemia, a condition that can lead to fatigue and weakness. Conversely, elevated levels may suggest iron overload, which can result in serious complications, including liver disease and autoimmune disorders.

Conducting the ferritin test

To perform the ferritin test, a healthcare provider will draw a blood sample from a vein in the arm. Patients may feel a mild sting during the needle insertion. Typically, it is recommended to fast for at least 12 hours prior to the test to ensure accurate results. This fasting period helps to eliminate any potential interference from recent food intake that could skew the results.

Interpreting test results

Ferritin levels are measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. Normal ranges generally fall between 15-150 ng/mL for females and 15-200 ng/mL for males. Levels outside of these ranges may indicate an iron deficiency or overload, prompting further investigation into potential health conditions. Healthcare providers will interpret these results in conjunction with other tests and clinical findings to arrive at a comprehensive diagnosis.

High ferritin levels: causes and implications

Elevated ferritin levels can signify that the body is storing excess iron or experiencing systemic inflammation. Several conditions are associated with increased ferritin levels, including:

Hemochromatosis: This genetic disorder leads to excessive iron absorption and storage, potentially causing organ damage.

Chronic inflammation: Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can elevate levels as part of the inflammatory response.

Liver disease: Chronic liver conditions often correlate with increased levels, reflecting the organ's role in iron metabolism.

Certain cancers: Elevated ferritin may indicate disease progression in cancers such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer.

Acute illness: Infections can temporarily raise levels as the body reacts to inflammation.

Symptoms of high ferritin levels can be subtle but may include fatigue, joint pain, and abdominal discomfort. It is essential for individuals with elevated ferritin to undergo further evaluation to determine the underlying cause.

Low ferritin levels: causes and implications

Conversely, low ferritin levels typically indicate inadequate iron stores, leading to potential anemia. Causes of low ferritin levels include:

Iron deficiency anemia: This condition arises from insufficient iron intake or absorption, often resulting in fatigue and weakness.

Chronic blood loss: Conditions such as peptic ulcers or heavy menstrual bleeding can lead to significant iron depletion.

Malabsorption disorders: Conditions like celiac disease can hinder the body's ability to absorb iron effectively.

Pregnancy: Increased iron demands during pregnancy can result in lower ferritin levels.

Symptoms associated with low ferritin levels may include fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin, all of which can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life.

Treatment for abnormal ferritin levels

Addressing abnormal levels involves treating the underlying cause. For high levels, treatment options may include:

Phlebotomy: This procedure involves the regular removal of blood to decrease iron levels in the body.

Iron chelation therapy: Medications that help remove excess iron from the body can be beneficial in cases of iron overload.

For low levels, treatment strategies may consist of:

Iron supplements: Oral supplements can help replenish iron stores and are often the first line of treatment.

Intraven ous iron therapy: For severe deficiencies, intravenous iron may be administered to quickly restore iron levels.

Dietary changes: Increasing the intake of iron-rich foods, such as red meat, beans, and leafy greens, can support iron replenishment.

Maintaining healthy ferritin levels

To keep levels within a healthy range, consider the following strategies:

Regular checkups: Routine monitoring of iron levels can help catch any imbalances early.

Manage chronic health conditions: Addressing underlying health issues that may affect levels is crucial for maintaining balance.

Avoid excessive iron supplementation: Only take iron supplements if advised by a healthcare provider, as too much iron can be harmful.

Limit alcohol consumption: Reducing alcohol intake can support liver health, which plays a significant role in iron metabolism.

Incorporate iron-rich foods: A balanced diet that includes sources of iron can help maintain adequate levels.

It is a vital protein that reflects your body's iron status. Regular monitoring and understanding of your levels can help maintain your overall health and prevent potential complications related to iron imbalances. By being proactive about your iron levels, you can ensure that your body functions optimally and reduce the risk of associated health issues.

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